Components of Police Report Free Essays

There are several components of a typical police report that need to be completed when filled in. First you will need to summarize and make sure to communicate in a clear and succinct manner. Second you will need to describe the scene and the state the alleged crime in occurring in. We will write a custom essay sample on Components of Police Report or any similar topic only for you Order Now Also who was involved in the crime, as long as when and where did the crime take place with specific details. While filling out a police report, make sure you use simple language, because it might seem strange but if you state information using big words there are going to be people who will not understand what you are saying. Make sure you include all statements from any victims or witnesses, and have to be word for word from what they said. They will need to state the statement just to verify what we have them saying is accurate and they can’t change their story when it comes time to a trial or any other time. When gathering this information make sure you obtain all information regarding to witnesses or victims, regarding address, phone numbers, drivers license numbers, etc so we are able to contact them for any reason. Police Report for Scenario First I would summarize what happened, as well as describing the scene. I will entail that it happened in the parking lot of the shopping center. While my partner and I are on surveillance at a local office supply store we received a tip that a store might have been robbed after closing. Next we received a sketch of two Asian men who might have been involved in the other robberies in the surrounding counties. After receiving the sketch the dispatcher notifies us of a lady supposedly hearing a gunshot, so we head on over. When we arrive the lady informs us that she heard a gunshot and it was supposedly an Asian man who carried the gun. With having the sketch of an Asian man with some robberies we immediately took action with the one we saw coming out of the building. While taking action the Asian female is yelling at my partner and I concerned about her husband. We order to back to her car and she doesn’t obey our orders and becomes hysterical so we are required to restrain her and that requires the man to place in handcuffs. In contrast with my summarized report I will be including the female who heard the gunshots and saw the Asian man with the gun in his back pocket. I will also have to include any witnesses who saw the gunshot take place or the ituation outside in the parking lot. I will have to make sure to get statements from all the victims, which are the male and female Asian as well as the witnesses and have them sign it. I will need to make sure all information if accurate with each person in order to proceed with the report and turn it in. Sufficient Cause Yes, my partner and I had sufficient cause to be on a stake out at the office supply, because there was a call into for a robbery during the afterhours. When a call is called in to certain police officers than they have the right to go and check out what happened there and see if they can find anything out at the sight. They can stay there for a while to make sure no one is hiding from the police, so they can have a possible chance to catch the person. Violation of Rights In my opinion we did not violate the man’s civil rights. When a police officer has a sketch of a suspect for a robbery and they see someone coming out of the building where a call was made then they have the right to pursue in finding out if he was the suspect. A police officer wouldn’t be violating your rights just by asking you to get down on the ground with your hands on your head. How would the officers know for sure who the suspect would be, even if five Asian men came out of the building? They actually wouldn’t so they would be asking all of them to get down on the ground with their hands behind their heads. The police officers were only doing their job, by using the tip with sketch from the dispatcher as well as the call from the woman who heard the call. If the man’s rights were violated then I would take action with the police officers by writing them up if this was the first time offense or suspend them for second offense. As the chief I would know that my police officers wouldn’t just go up to any Asian man and suspect them of any actions without having probable cause to think they are the suspect. Collect Damages The wife shouldn’t be able to collect any damages, because she didn’t have to get out of her car and start yelling at the police officers and become hysterical. When she started yelling at us we ordered her back to her car and she wouldn’t listen, which then enables the police to take action, because she can become a threat to us. Anyone who is imposed as a threat to a police officer, we are allowed to restrain in order to get them under control. Racial Profiling I don’t believe we engaged in any racial profiling with this man. We received a sketch regarding an Asian man who is suspected to be involved in robbing some office stores. It could be considered racial profiling if we were suspecting him as a suspect and we had a tip with a Caucasian or African American male. I just don’t see how racial profiling could be involved with the scenario since we were taking action with an Asian man and that the same race we received the sketch with. Citizen Review Board I would not support the creation of such board, since we have nothing for the citizens to review about our department. We took actions regarding the tip and sketch we received as well as the call from the lady who heard a gunshot and saw an Asian man carrying one in his back pocket. Now, if we have no control over this board then go ahead and do it, but just to let you know we have nothing to hide and we do our jobs to the books. The type of civilian review board (CRB) that I would use has complaints investigated and reported to its board members within 60 days of having received a signed complaint. Within 120 days of having received the complaint, a hearing is held (usually before three board members), a decision on the complaint is rendered, sanctions are determined, and both the complainant and respondent are informed as to the disposition of the complaint. Due to special circumstances, the entire process can be permitted to extend to 180 days. The CRB will investigate and hear all complaints that concern the use of force, including shootings; deaths in custody; harassment; abuse of authority; and improper searches or detention. The CRB has the authority to broaden its reach to decide other types of complaints as well. For discourtesy complaints (including offensive language, derogatory remarks, and slurs) and procedural complaints (when the citizen cannot understand why the officer took a particular action), it is recommended that mediation be used. Such complaints are notoriously hard to prove and have an effect of resulting in a backlog of more serious complaints. And I would actually be reaching out to the community during the entire process, since I will need heir comments or complaints. In my opinion the advantage of this system would be that we could actually learn from what the citizens have to say. Not every comment is necessarily going to be a bad comment, it could be one that will catch our attention and open our eyes. Now the disadvantage of this system is that people could take advantage of it and comment on everything possible and make us seem like we aren’t doing our jobs the right way. There are some citizens who like to make others look bad and this could happen in our situation. References http://www.ehow.com/how_4441251_write-police-report.html How to cite Components of Police Report, Essay examples

Use Multi Model DBMS Technology-Free-Samples-Myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about the Use Multi Model DBMS Technology. Answer: Introduction Information is considered as a primary asset for any of the enterprises in the present scenario. An enterprise manages and handles information that is of varied type and also varies in terms of the volume. It becomes necessary for the organizations to manage the variety and volume of the information. Enterprise Data Management is a discipline that includes and involves a number of different technologies for the efficient and adequate management of information. Hype cycle that is presented by Gartner explains the EDM technologies in the form of a curve that shows the technologies that are trending, emerging and the ones that are less likely to be used and applied in the present times. Data quality is one of the most important properties and parameters that can be achieved using the technologies that are listed in the Gartners Hype cycle (Ronthal and Simoni, 2015). The report has been written on Multi-Model DBMS Systems as the technology. Improving Data Quality in Large and Small Enterprises Quality of data shall be maintained and managed in the enterprises irrespective of their size. For the large scale enterprises there are several employees that are associated with the organization that can be 10,000 or more in numbers. These employees are spread over different office units and the non-human resources are also installed in various locations as per the office units. Enterprise data is transmitted in various human and non-human entities that are present at different locations and it therefore becomes necessary to ensure that proper standards are followed so that there is no compromise on the quality and consistency of the data. If the quality of the data is not managed and maintained then there may be various issues that may emerge such as redundancy and duplicity of the data. The same applies to the small scale enterprises as well. There are lesser resources engaged with the small scale enterprises but the need to make sure that the data quality is maintained is high. Absence of the adequate quality of data can lead to several issues in terms of inefficiencies i n the business activities and likewise. With the emergence of these needs and requirements of the enterprises, there are various automated technologies and processes that have been created for the adequate management of the quality of data. These technologies are applicable in large as well as small scale enterprises. About Multi-Model Database Technology Multi-Model Databases are defined as the databases that support more than one data models simultaneously. It is a data processing platform that allows the organization to store and arrange the data that is associated with the enterprise with the aid of multiple data models. There are several advantages that are provided by the multi-model database technology as it allows the enterprises to meet several different requirements instead of making use of multiple database systems (Ciosummits, 2017). There are various types of database systems such as relational databases, hierarchical databases and many more. In case of multi-model database systems, all of these database types come together as a single unit. There are a number of NoSQL databases that follow multi-model database technology as its base technology. There are various enterprises and organizations that are now making use of multi-model database technology in their architecture (Lu, 2017). Features of Multi-Model Database Technology Multi-model databases support platforms for different types of use cases and have the ability to consolidate all of them together on a single platform. It provides a great degree of flexibility in terms of the query language and provides good storage capability as well. There are scenarios wherein the database requirements of an enterprise may increase or decrease as per the project specifications and needs. Multi-model databases can be easily used to provide the quality of performance scaling to the enterprises as these databases can be easily scaled up and down (Oliveira Cura, 2016). When there are more than one database systems and types present in the organization then the reliability of the database systems may reduce. In case of multi-model databases, the reliability of the data and information that is present in the databases is not compromised at all. There is lesser time that is spent in the coordination and processing of the data and information in the multi-model database technology (Bocquet, 2008). It is often observed that data consistency is compromised at some level due to the presence of huge clusters of data and multiple data systems in the enterprises. Database transactions are required to maintain ACID properties as atomicity, consistency, isolation and durability. These properties are not adhered and there are severe impacts of the same. However, consistency is easier to maintain in multi-model database systems as it has a single platform for all the database types. The cost of the multi-model database systems is much lesser than the individual database systems that are deployed in the enterprises. Cost of installation along with the cost of maintenance is much lesser in case of multi-model database systems. There are also more bugs that come up in the database systems if installed separately and there is a lot of cost that is spent in the resolution of these bugs. In case of multi-model database systems, this share of cost is also easily avoided. Multi-model database systems have higher fault tolerance as compared to the individual database systems. Multi-Model Database Technology - EDM Essentials Enterprise Data Management is a vast discipline and there are several activities that come under the same. It is necessary to make sure that some of the essential requirements are met and Multi-Model DBMS technology has the capability to fulfil all of such requirements and necessities. Data Migration In case of the application of a new technology in the enterprise or any set-up, the existing elements need to be migrated as per the new technology that is implemented. Multi-Model database systems have the capabilities that can ensure the smooth and easy migration of the existing data elements as per the new technology. Data Integration A strong integration of the data sets and the information contents that are present in the organization is necessary so that the business activities can be adequately carried out. Data integration shall therefore be present in the technologies that are implemented and capability is ensured in case of multi-model database technology. Data Maintenance Maintenance of the data is essential in association with the enterprises and multi-model database technology has the measures to carry out easy and smooth maintenance of the data (Faircom, 2015). Data Quality Assurance If the quality of the data is not managed and maintained then there may be various issues that may emerge such as redundancy and duplicity of the data in large scale enterprises. The same applies to the small scale enterprises as well. There are lesser resources engaged with the small scale enterprises but the need to make sure that the data quality is maintained is high. Absence of the adequate quality of data can lead to several issues in terms of inefficiencies in the business activities and likewise. Multi-model database technology ensures that quality of the data is assured at all times (Datafloq, 2017). Data Retention Certain data sets lose their requirement over the passage of time and these sets are then required to be removed. Multi-model database technology has the mechanisms to identify and carry out such procedures. Multi-Model Database Technology Benefits Improvement of Data Quality (Large Organisations) Multi-model database technology provides a number of benefits for the large enterprises. There is a lot of data that these large enterprises are required to manage and handle. With the use and installation of multi-model database systems, the management of the data along with the execution of a number of data related operations become easy. Data redundancy is one of the most common problems that have been observed in association with the large scale organizations. It is because of the reason that there are a lot many data sets that are present in the organizations and the monitoring of the same is not done adequately. Multi-model database technology makes sure that the problem of data redundancy is not present (Krebs, 2016). Multi-model database technology also makes sure that the data analysts and data experts can easily carry out master data edits on the data sets. With the aid of these master data edits, it becomes possible to ensure that integrity of the data is maintained and there are is no violation in terms of the data integrity on any of the data sets that are present in the enterprise. Security and access control are two of the most significant benefits that can be achieved with the implementation of multi-model database technology. It allow the access to only the authorized entities. Data analysis is required and is essential for every enterprise and its necessity increases for large scale enterprises. It is because of the involvement of huge data sets which makes it necessary to carry out data analysis so that significant patterns and trends can be understood after the process of data analysis. Quality of the data is maintained and ensured by multi-model database technology which in turn leads to the achievement of business activities and business operations as per the business requirements and specifications. Multi-model database technology also makes sure that the employees that are present in different geographical locations can securely access the data that is associated with the enterprise. Multi-Model Database Technology Benefits Improvement of Data Quality (Small Scale Organisations) There is a great degree of uncertainty that is associated with the small scale organizations in terms of the data usage, data volumes, and data specifications and likewise. It leads to the requirement of the technology that is scalable and flexible in nature. Multi-model database technology provides the same ability to the enterprises. Security of the small scale organizations is not advanced and there are certain security loopholes that are observed in these organizations. These can have impact on the data that is associated with the enterprises as there may be a number of security risks and attacks that may take place. Multi-model database technology makes sure that the security of the data sets is enhanced and is improved (Lam and Taylor, 2016). Data quality along with the usability of the data is improved with the implementation of multi-model database technology in the small scale organizations. This leads to the maximization of the customer base that is associated with these enterprises. The business operations and processes are not very advanced and mature in the small scale organizations. Multi-model database technology makes sure that a proper standard is followed in terms of the maintenance and management of the data sets that are associated with the enterprises (Backaitis, 2016). Conclusion The most important asset that is present and is associated with the enterprises in the current scenario is the information and data sets that are present with these enterprises. These data sets have varied properties and attributes related with them in terms of volumes, types, specifications etc. There are technologies that have been developed so that the enterprise data can be efficiently managed and handled. Multi-Model Database is one such technology that has allowed small scale and large scale enterprises to efficiently manage the data that is associated with them. There are several benefits that are provided by this technology to these enterprises in terms of removal of data redundancy along with strengthening of data quality and flexibility. Also, integration of the business activities and IT processes is also easily carried out with the implementation of multi-model databases in the enterprises. There are certain requirements that shall be met with any of the technology that i s defined under EDM such as migration of the data sets, assurance of the data quality, enhancement of data security along with retention of data sets. All of these requirements are easily met by multi-model databases which make it a preferred technology by the large and small scale enterprises References Backaitis, V. (2016). DataStax Gets Multimodel Database Powers. [online] CMSWire.com. Available at: https://www.cmswire.com/big-data/datastax-gets-multimodel-database-powers/ [Accessed 22 Jun. 2017]. Bocquet, A. (2008). Benefits of multi-model architecture-based development for railway applications. [online] Available at: https://uic.org/cdrom/2008/11_wcrr2008/pdf/PS.2.15.pdf [Accessed 22 Jun. 2017]. Ciosummits (2017). The Multi-Model Database Cloud Applications in a Complex World. [online] Available at: https://www.ciosummits.com/Online_Assets_DataStax_Whitepaper_-_The_Multi-Model_Database.pdf [Accessed 22 Jun. 2017]. Datafloq (2017). Multimodel Databases. [online] Datafloq.com. Available at: https://datafloq.com/big-data-open-source-tools/os-multimodel/ [Accessed 22 Jun. 2017]. Faircom (2015). A True NoSQL MultiModel Database. [online] Available at: https://www.faircom.com/wp-content/uploads/1603ShowFlyer2.pdf [Accessed 22 Jun. 2017]. Krebs, A. (2016). VistAs Multi-model Database | OSEHRA. [online] Osehra.org. Available at: https://www.osehra.org/post/vista%E2%80%99s-multi-model-database [Accessed 22 Jun. 2017]. Lam, V. and Taylor, J. (2016). Enterprise Information Management (EIM): The Hidden Secret to Peak Business Performance. [online] Available at: https://www.umsl.edu/~sauterv/DSS4BI/links/EIM_Final.pdf [Accessed 22 Jun. 2017]. Lu, J. (2017). Multi-model Data Management: Whats New and Whats Next?. [online] Available at: https://udbms.cs.helsinki.fi/assets/tutorials/edbt2017-multi-model-data.pdf [Accessed 22 Jun. 2017]. Oliveira, F. and Cura, L. (2016). Performance Evaluation of NoSQL Multi-Model Data Stores in Polyglot Persistence Applications. [online] Available at: https://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=2938518 [Accessed 22 Jun. 2017]. Ronthal, A. and Simoni, G. (2015). Hype Cycle for Enterprise Information Management, 2015. [online] Gartner.com. Available at: https://www.gartner.com/doc/3096424/hype-cycle-enterprise-information-management [Accessed 22 Jun. 2017].

Macedonia The Critical Five Years 1945-1950 Essays -

Macedonia: The Critical Five Years: 1945-1950 The critical five years: 1945-1950 Nonetheless the Slavo-Macedonians, with the backing of the newlyformed Tito regime in Yugoslavia, kept up their efforts. Just a few days after the Varkiza agreement, Slavo-Macedonian emigres from Greece formed, in Skopje, an Organisation named NOF (National Liberation Front) and sent armed guerrilla bands back to the border areas of Greek Macedonia. The activities of these bands attracted the criticism of the KKE, since it was in conflict with the terms of the Varkiza agreement and gave the government forces an excuse for applying severe measures to suppress them. However, when the Civil War began in 1946, the Slavo-Macedonians, returned to Greek Macedonia in great numbers and joined the Greek Communist movement, while still retaining their own Organisation, the NOF. To judge from the various collections of documents and memoirs which have been published in Skopje, the Slavo-Macedonians -that is, the part of the Slav-speaking population whose national consciousness was Slav-were fighting what they saw at this time as a national liberation struggle for the Macedonians of the Aegean in order to win their national rights. These rights were none other than the policy which Yugoslavia was officially pursuing at this time and which was intended to incorporate the Macedonian territories of both Greek and Bulgarian Macedonia into the Socialist Republic of Macedonia. In the meantime, and while the outcome of the civil war in Greece still hung in the balance, the Yugoslavs exerted unbearable pressure on their Bulgarian comrades in order to blackmail them into ceding Bulgarian Macedonia to Yugoslavia. In the end, by the Bled accords of 1947 Dimitrov agreed, in return for minor concessions, to acknowledge the inhabitants of Bulgarian Macedonia (Pirin) as Macedonians and to pave the way for the incorporation of the province of Pirin into the Socialist Republic of Macedonia. The incorporation of Greek Macedonia would await the outcome of the civil war. The split between Stalin and Tito, which occurred suddently in the summer of 1948, upset all the Yugoslavian calculations about playing a leading role in the Balkans using the Macedonian question as the central lever. Bulgaria seized the opportunity to release itself from the concessions it had made over the Macedonian question. It repudiated the theory of the 'Macedonian nation' and drove the commissars from Skopje off its territory. It then attempted to exploit the difficulties which the Yugoslavs were facing in order to advance once more the pre-war slogan of an Independent and united Macedonia. This slogan also served to increase the more general political pressure which the Soviet Union was at that time exerting on Tito. The Moscow-Belgrade split, however, also had dramatic repercussions for Greek Macedonia. The leadership of the KKE judged it to be expendient to fall into line with the Soviet Union in attacking Tito and at the same time adopt its new policy towards Macedonia. Thus, by decision of the 5th Plenum of the Central Committee, in January 1949, the KKE revived the old pro-Bulgarian slogan of the independent and united Macedonia in the framework of a future Balkan Communist Federation. This shift of policy had grave consequences for the course of military operations, since the Yugoslavs, in order to protect their own rear, closed the border with Greece, which until that time had been the main channel through which supplies had flowed to the Communist forces in Greece. Some of the NOF supporters fled to Yugoslavian Macedonia, where they settled. Later, when the armed conflict ended in August 1949, the remaining masses of NOF supporters followed the other Greek political refugees into exile in the countries of Eastern Europe and in the Soviet Union. The final outcome of those five tragic years was that all the Slavo-Macedonians left Greece. Yugoslavia, faced with the nightmarish prospect of a Soviet invasion, sought support in the West, which opened up the way for the normalisation of relations with Greece and the signing, in 1954, of a tripartite Balkan Pact of defensive alliance, to which Turkey also was a member. The new circumstances led Yugoslavia to drop the territorial demands it had been putting forward and to restrict itself to formal claims for the recognition of 'Macedonian' minorities. These claims

30+ Cryptocurrency and Bitcoin Terms

30+ Cryptocurrency and Bitcoin Terms 30+ Cryptocurrency and Bitcoin Terms 30+ Cryptocurrency and Bitcoin Terms By Daniel Scocco Most of us heard or read stories about cryptocurrencies, Bitcoin, blockchain and so on over the past few years. Few of us, however, understand what those terms mean. Given that those technologies are probably here to stay, writers and readers alike would benefit from a basic understanding of the terminology involved. Below you will find an initial list with 32 terms. We plan to update it as new ones appear. 1. Bitcoin Bitcoin is a decentralized digital currency. It is the first and most famous cryptocurrency, having being launched in 2009 by an unknown person or organization under the pseudonym Satoshi Nakamoto. The main goal of Bitcoin is to create a currency that doesnt rely on a central authority or government, as this feature should give it many benefits, including lower transaction costs. When it was launched the cost of one Bitcoin was only a couple of cents, and late in 2017 the price of one Bitcoin skyrocketed to almost $20,000, crashing after a couple of months to around $7,000. This meteoric rise and fall contributed to increasing the interest in this cryptocurrency around the world. 2. BTC Each cryptocurrency has a 3-letter symbol that is used to designate it on trading platforms. This is similar to the symbols used on stock exchanges to designate specific companies and stock. BTC is the symbol of Bitcoin. 3. Blockchain This is the core technology behind Bitcoin and most other cryptocurrencies. Some people argue that this innovation has more value than Bitcoin itself, because it can be used on countless future projects. The basic idea is to organize all the transactions of a system (i.e. Bitcoin payments) into blocks, and then to connect those blocks in a chain using cryptography. The cryptographic functions ensure that all the transactions on the blockchain are valid, and anyone can check this information, as it is public. On top of that it is impossible to remove or change past transactions, making the system secure. An alternative way of seeing the blockchain is as an open, distributed digital ledger. 4. Cryptocurrency A digital currency which relies on cryptography to validate transactions, removing the need to have a trusted central authority reporting which transaction is valid and which is not. Bitcoin is the most popular one but today we have over 1000 cryptocurrency projects on the market. 5. Altcoin A nickname given to all cryptocurrencies other than Bitcoin, derived from â€Å"alternative coin.† Bitcoin was the only cryptocurrency on the market for many years, and that is why when new ones appeared they received this nickname. 6. ICO Acronym for Initial Coin Offering. This event happens when a crypto project launches its currency or tokens in the market, allowing the first investors to purchase them. The process is similar to an IPO, where a company offers its shares to the public for the first time. Notice that when you invest in an ICO, however, you are not buying equity from that project. Instead, you are buying the coins or tokens of such project, and investors do so hoping that such coins will increase in value over time. 7. Ethereum Currently Ethereum is the second largest cryptocurrency by market capitalization. The goal of this project is to allow programmers to easily create smart contracts (see below) as if they were writing a simple computer software. 8. Cryptography The study of strategies and technical implementations to guarantee the privacy and integrity of information exchanged between two or more parties. For example, if you want to send a message to a friend and want to make sure that only him will be able to read it you could substitute each letter on your message with a specific number or symbol. Only the person in possession of the substitution table (i.e. your friend) will be able to revert the list of numbers or symbols into the original message. Cryptography appeared thousands of years ago due to the need of private communications in military contexts and during wars. 9. Decentralization This is perhaps the most important characteristic of Bitcoin and other cryptocurrency projects. By not having a central authority (i.e. by being decentralized) cryptocurrencies have advantages over fiat currencies and other payment methods. Those advantages include a limited monetary supply (which can make the value of the cryptocurrency increase over time) and, in theory, lower transaction costs. 10. Wallet Software that allows you to store cryptocurrency, and to send and receive payments. 11. Hot wallet A cryptocurrency wallet that is connected to the Internet. It can be a web application or a mobile application. A hot wallet gives you more convenience, because you can instantly send and receive payments using it. That being said they are less secure because hackers can try to gain access through the Internet. 12. Cold wallet A wallet that is not connected to the Internet. You can install such software on a USB drive, for instance. Cold wallets are not convenient to use but they are much more secure because the hacker would need physical access to try compromising the wallet. 13. Private key A private key (i.e. a sequence of randomly generated characters) is what allows you to spend the cryptocurrency funds in your wallet. It is like a password that you need to make payments and send funds from your wallet. If you lose it you will not be able to access your funds, and theres no way to recover it. 14. Network confirmation Remember that Bitcoin (like other cryptocurrencies) is a decentralized digital currency, so there is no company or central authority confirming if a given transaction is valid or not. The Bitcoin network itself will confirm each transaction. Each node (see below) will check each transaction and confirm or deny its validity. The larger the number of confirmations a transaction has, the higher the probability that it is valid. Currently, with six confirmations you have 99.9% of certainty that the transaction is valid. 15. Node A computer which is connected to the Internet and runs the software of a given cryptocurrency. Nodes are responsible for validating transactions and packaging those transactions inside new blocks on the blockchain. In other words, it is the network of nodes that keeps a cryptocurrency running. 16. Light node It represents a computer running a light version of the cryptocurrency software which offers a limited amount of features, usually including payment verification. Some cryptocurrency projects allow light nodes to exist with the goal of increasing the total number of nodes available, possibly increasing the efficiency of the network and reducing the time to validate transactions. 17. Full node A computer running the full software of a cryptocurrency project, which includes all the transactions (and therefore all blocks) ever registered for this particular cryptocurrency. Running a full node is the only possible way to verify a transactions without relying on a third party. 18. Consensus Since cryptocurrencies don’t have a central authority determining which transactions are valid and which are not and in which order they took place, the network of nodes, relying purely on software and algorithms, needs to reach an agreement regarding those factors. Such an agreement is called network consensus. 19. Token Cryptocurrencies were originally developed to be used as electronic cash. Over time, however, people realized that the same technology (i.e. blockchain) could be used for other purposes, most notably smart contracts (see below). Units of those crypto projects that aim to have functionality beyond those of a digital currency are usually called tokens. 20. Security token This is a subcategory of tokens which usually represent real-life assets like company shares, real estate and so on. Security tokens are expected to make buying, selling and trading those assets much more efficient, even though they are subject to more regulation than other crypto projects. 21. Smart contract A digital contract that gets automatically executed by software upon its completion. Suppose you want to make a bet with a friend about whether or not it will rain tomorrow. You could use a smart contract for such a bet. Both you and your friend would deposit the money into a temporary Bitcoin wallet, and the software itself would verify whether or not there was rain on that specific day. The software would then transfer the money to the winning party. As you can see, using a smart contract has some advantages, as it can give more security to both sides as well as impartiality when evaluating the results. 22. Mining As explained above, network nodes are responsible for validating individual transactions. Once there are enough outstanding transactions a node can create a new block on the blockchain by solving a cryptographic challenge. The node that first solves such challenge will get rewarded a certain amount of units of that cryptocurrency (e.g. on the Bitcoin network nodes get rewarded Bitcoins for adding new blocks). The process of validating transactions and adding new blocks to the blockchain is called mining. This nickname was created because it is through this process that the amount of Bitcoin in circulation increases, similar to what happens with precious metals like gold. 23. Miner A person, group of people or company involved with mining a specific cryptocurrency. 24. CPU Acronym for Central Processing Unit. This electronic component is the brain of the computer, being responsible for carrying out logic and mathematical operations. If you are a miner, the more CPU power you have available the higher the chances that you will be able to solve the cryptographic challenges when mining Bitcoin or other cryptocurrencies. 25. GPU Acronym for Graphical Processing Unit. This is a special purpose component in computers which is responsible for processing graphics. Some cryptocurrency projects have algorithms that allow for GPUs to be used in the mining process more efficiently than CPUs. 26. Satoshi Satoshi Nakamoto is the name of the person or entity that originally released the Bitcoin paper and software. Satoshi is also the name of the smallest unit of Bitcoin, representing one hundred millionth of a single Bitcoin. 27. Fork This is a software development term that also applies to cryptocurrency projects. When a fork happens, the current source code of the software is copied and used to start a new, independent version of the software. Usually a different team of programmers is responsible for the new version, and they carry out the fork because they want to have the autonomy to make modifications and/or improvements that the previous development team didn’t agree with. In the cryptocurrency world the most famous case is Bitcoin Cash, which was forked from the original Bitcoin in 2017. The developers behind Bitcoin Cash wanted to increase the size of the blocks on the Bitcoin blockchain, so that they could contain a larger number of transactions and thus be more efficient. Since the Bitcoin development team didn’t agree with this modification, the fork took place, practically creating a rival to Bitcoin. 28. Exchange An online platform where users can exchange one cryptocurrency for another. Some exchanges also allow users to exchange crypto currencies for fiat currencies and vice versa. 29. Stable coin A cryptocurrency which is backed by a fiat currency (e.g. the US dollar) or a commodity (e.g. gold). The idea behind stable coins is to provide liquidity and security for users who wish to temporarily sell their cryptocurrencies without removing their funds from the exchange. 30. Tether The largest stable coin in the market with a market cap of around $2 billion. 31. Double spending A type of financial fraud or attack. It involves spending the same amount of money twice, hoping that the second entity receiving the payment will not realize or not be able to verify that the money has already been spent on a previous transaction. This type of attack has happened with smaller cryptocurrency projects, however there is no confirmation of this attack happening with larger projects like Bitcoin or Ethereum. 32. 51% attack Since cryptocurrencies like Bitcoin do not have a central authority, it is the consensus of the network nodes that determine which transactions are valid and which are not. If a malicious user controls 51% of the network nodes he might be able to validate his own fraudulent transactions. The larger the number of nodes in the network, the harder it is to make this attack, and so far none of the popular crypto projects has suffered from it. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! 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REDUCING TYPICAL PROPOSAL WEAKNESSES Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

REDUCING TYPICAL PROPOSAL WEAKNESSES - Essay Example Finances is an issue business owners find hard to part with but in order to get the bets proposal, realistic cost estimates must be set and adhered to. Lastly is to have an in depth understanding of the purpose of the proposal and how it can be beneficial to the business. This understanding will allow the owner to be on the fore front of the proposal from start to end. In solicited proposal, it is the customer who has requested for it while in unsolicited, the company send the customer the proposal without them having asked. Solicited proposals are paid much more attention to and the information is relevant to the customer unlike in unsolicited proposal where there are high chances of it not being read as well as the information not being useful to the customer. Amendments make clarification on issues of debate for both parties hence solving their differences and creating a relationship in the long

Daoism, Confucianism, and Shinto Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Daoism, Confucianism, and Shinto - Essay Example Too much of something is poisonous. For example, overeating results in physiological harm; therefore, it is crucial to pay attention to the body’s self-regulating mechanisms. The passage also cautions against reliance on material things as the ultimate source of happiness by inferring that people only need what is enough to lead a prosperous happy life. For example, social relationships that nurture and provide affection are crucial for sustaining happiness. In my opinion, this passage stresses on the importance of understanding oneself before attempting to understand others. In doing so, one will be able to behave in a manner that mirrors their principles while at the same time respecting the opinions of those around them. For example, when one understands that dishonesty appalls them, they will behave in a trustworthy manner, which in turn sends out a signal to others to do the same while interacting with the individual. Daoist teachers negated principles advanced by adherents of Confucianism. They focused on comprehending the nature of reality, ordering life morally, practicing rulership, increasing longevity, and regulating their diet and consciousness (Molloy, 2010). At the core of their ideologies lay naturalness (ziran), effortless action (Wu wei), and teachings about how to become a realized person (zhenren) or sage (shengren) (Molloy, 2010). In addition, they believed it was useless to try to oppose the nature by intervening, as they believe nature had its own way of intervening to end imbalance in the society. For example, Daoist teachers implored rulers to refrain from using weapons as a means of ending social problems, as they believed nature would mitigate the problem. Daoist teachings in their entirety mirror its adherents’ belief in change, which they inferred defined life’s reality. They also believed that the â€Å"Dao† was inexplicable, as it surpassed all conceivable phenomena. However, it was attainable through effortless

Asian Americans Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Asian Americans - Assignment Example A nurse should not forget to put in to consideration the Asian American cultural issues while providing health care services (Oda, Le and Yoo, 2012). The issue of stereotyping is common among Asian American. They a regarded as foreigners or inventers by other American races. A practicing nurse should not be involved in the issue of stereotyping while dealing with this community. He or she should provide health care services to those in need without negative attitude. The Asian American people also have some cultural practice different from other American races. A nurse must be conversant with the cultural practices when providing services to the community. Some of the people do not belief in taking medicine made from some plants. It is the duty of the nurse to understand this belief and advice the patient on the benefits of taking the medicine. The Buddhist and Muslim regard some animals as cursed. A nurse attending a Muslim Asian American should not go to the treatment room with a dog, because they do not need any association with dogs. A nurse must be conversant with all the cultural beliefs and practices in order to attend to the patients appropriately (Oda, Le and Yoo,