Sexual Exploitation on the Rise Essay - 1883 Words

Sexual exploitation, which includes but is not limited to prostitution and sex trafficking, has escalated throughout the 20th and 21st century. This increase in objectifying and degrading women is creating a world where there will never be true equality between men and women because it ensures that men will refuse to quit viewing women as objects of sexual pleasure rather than beings, unless sexploitation comes to an end. There are many false beliefs about prostitution in today’s world. Many people consider prostitution to be the world’s oldest profession, but contrary to popular belief â€Å"prostitution is not the world’s oldest profession...although it is probably one of the world’s oldest forms of men’s violence against women and girls.†Ã¢â‚¬ ¦show more content†¦They essentially create slave-like conditions for their prostitutes and make it so it’s impossible for them to leave them unless they choose to get rid of them. And when they do get rid of them their torturous ways ensure that they’ll be worse off than they were when they first entered. A former prostitute, who goes by the name of Felicia, spoke out about her owner, Corey Davis, and stated, â€Å"He called me a stupid bitch...a worthless piece of shit...I had to tell people I fell off a stage because I had so many bruises on my ribs face and legs...I have a permanent twitch in m y eye from him hitting me in my face so much. I have none of my irreplaceable things from my youth.† This shows that the owners truly are ruthless and don’t treat their prostitutes as if they’re even humans. Moreover, there is no dignity in choosing and partaking in prostitution. There is no â€Å"Mom, when I grow up I want to be a prostitute.† followed by a hug and kiss. Almost every single act of prostitution, including porn, is intended to humiliate, degrade, and express domination over women. No stable human being wants to willingly choose something such as that from the get go. In the current ages, prostitution creates an underclass of women whose sole purpose is to serve the sexualShow MoreRelated Child Trafficking Essays1660 Words   |  7 PagesProject† 1). There has been a rising number of Cambodian children being trafficked for sexual exploitation and forced labor because of poverty, unemployment and lack of education; however organizations such as the Coordinated Mekong Ministerial Initiative Against Trafficking (COMMIT) are trying to raise awareness of this crisis. There is a rising number of Cambodian children being trafficked for sexual exploitation and forced labor. Human trafficking is a major crisis that is rapidly growing, affectingRead MoreCambodia: A Place of Countless Struggles1545 Words   |  6 Pages Alongside many countries in Asia, Cambodia is a place of countless struggles. Poverty, lack of education, abuse, and sexual trafficking consume most of Cambodia, and the government continues to let these issues flourish. One of the most prominent problems Cambodia battles with is the sex industry, with prostitution and trafficking rates skyrocketing. According to recent human trafficking statistics, an immense amount of victims are sexually trafficked and exploited in Cambodia each year, but 80%Read MoreGlobalization And Human Sex Trafficking1509 Words   |  7 Pagesimpact on the global community is through the rise in the number of people who fall victim to human trafficking (Jones, Engstrom, Hilliard Diaz, 2007). Human trafficking is a serious crime which affects many victims every year. It is not a new crime by any means, but since globalisation, the number of victims has increased exponentially. There are two main types of human trafficking, trafficking for forced labour and t rafficking for sexual exploitation. This paper examines the latter form of humanRead MoreChild Sexual Exploitation : Children And Young People1606 Words   |  7 Pages All children and young people are potentially at risk of being sexually exploited. Child sexual exploitation (CSE) is a form of child sexual abuse where an individual or group takes advantage of an imbalance of power to coerce, manipulate or deceive a child or young person under the age of 18 into sexual activity (a) in exchange for something the victim needs or wants, and/or (b) for the financial advantage or increased status of the perpetrator or facilitator (New England definition 2017). TheRead MoreWhat Is Human Trafficking?910 Words   |  4 Pagesprior victims to sexual or domestic assault, foreign travelers, and homeless people. According to the Polaris project, a national victim awareness program, Men are more likely to be subjected to laborious tasks while children and women are more likely to be forced into submitting their bodies for exploitation. Although information is hard to come by as most cases of trafficking goes undocumented, is it estimated that 12.3 million peop le are currently enslaved either by laborious or sexual acts. To putRead MoreThe Endless Cycle Of Human Trafficking1708 Words   |  7 Pageshumans is on the rise in the United States. â€Å"According to a U.S State Department study, some 14,500 to 17,500 people are trafficked into the United States from overseas and enslaved each year.† (Bales Soodalter, 2009, p.31) Although Human Trafficking will never be stopped, there are measures that can be taken against it. The key is awareness. â€Å"244,000- Number of American children and youth estimated to be at risk of child sexual exploitation, including commercial sexual exploitation, in 2000.† (HumanRead MoreThe Endless Cycle Of Human Trafficking1708 Words   |  7 Pageshumans is on the rise in the United States. â€Å"According to a U.S State Department study, some 14,500 to 17,500 people are trafficked into the United States from overseas and enslaved each year.† (Bales Soodalter, 2009, p.31) Although Human Trafficking will never be stopped, there are measures that can be taken against it. The key is awareness. â€Å"244,000- Number of American children and youth estimated to be at risk of child sexual exploitation, including commercial sexual exploitation, in 2000.† (HumanRead MoreMany Women And Young Girls Dream Of Having A Better Life.1281 Words   |  6 PagesThe United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) defines the exploitation of human beings as â€Å"the acquisition of people by improper means such as force, fraud or deception, with the aim of exploiting them.† There are three classifications that can accurately describe the motives behind the high supply and demand for these enslaved women, and these sales are categorized by: sales for forced marriages, sales for sexual exploitations, or sales for forced labor. Ultimately, the act of human traffickingRead MoreAnalysis Of Cornel West, An American Philosopher And Political Activist1444 Words   |  6 Page sThis diversification can be attributed to the rapidly developing connection between commerce and intimacy that has given rise to the term â€Å"sexual commerce.† This concept reflects a conscious effort to satisfy the expanding market for the exchange of sexual activity, which is viewed as being a greater contributor of economic value to society. As a result of this effort, sexual commerce continues to protrude society along spatial, social and technological lines, suggesting that the economic contributionRead MoreHuman Trafficking587 Words   |  3 Pagespower or of a position of vulnerability or of the giving or receiving of payments or benefits to achieve the consent of a person having control over another person, for the purpose of exploitation. Exploitation shall include, at a minimum, the exploitation of the prostitution of others or other forms of sexual exploitation, forced labour or services, slavery or practices similar to slavery, servitude or the removal of orga ns. First and foremost, I am passionate about human trafficking because it is

Organisational Culture and How It Is Expressed within Organisations Literature review

Essays on Organisational Culture and How It Is Expressed within Organisations Literature review The paper "Organisational Culture and How It Is Expressed within Organisations" is a great example of a literature review on management. Organizational culture is central to the overall performance of an organization. Also, it is widely recognized that the leadership of an organization plays an important role in not only developing the cultural values of an organization but also maintaining the culture that has been developed in the course of time. Since this is so, it is important for organisations to maintain a strong sense of culture in their members.The purpose of this paper is twofold: one, to define what organisational culture is and two, to explain ways in which culture can be expressed within organizations. This is done in two parts; the first one gives different definitions of organizational culture together with different components that constitute the culture of an organisation while at the same time exploring different ways in which a cultural system is expressed within a n organisational setting. In the second part, different typologies of organisational culture are explored. These form the basis of how members of an organisation express the culture of the organisation.Although there are many such typologies, the paper examines only a few common typologies which include the following: Hofstede’s five dimensions of culture model, the seven cultural dimensions model as developed by Trompenaar, the Goffee and Jones model of organizational culture and lastly, Schein’s three levels of organisational culture. The three elements of culture as proposed by Schein (artifacts, espoused values, and underlying assumptions) are examined in light of how they are used to express the culture of organisations.There have been many definitions of the term organisational culture. The basic tenet of these definitions is that they attempt to apply the definitions of culture from a historical and social perspective to the corporate setting. For instance, Sche in (2010, p. 13), defines organisational culture as a pattern of basic assumptions which have either been invented, discovered or developed by a group of individuals who are in the process of learning to cope with problems resulting from the need to cope with internal disintegration within the organisation and external adaptation needs. The pattern of basic assumptions is proven to be the best way to react to such problems after being tried and tested over time. As a result, it is taught to new members who are joining the organisation as the correct way to perceive, think and relate to problems of a similar nature (Adler Gundersen, 2008, p. 66).On the other hand, Schneider (cited by Brinkman, 2001, p. 675), defined organisational culture as a system that has three basic tenets; one, values that lie deep within what an organisation offers in terms of rewards, supports and expects from its stakeholders; two, the norms that underpin the basic policies and procedures of an organisation and three, the meaning that the current group of employers holds together as the definition of values and norms of the organisation.

Sumatran Orangutan Free Essays

The pongo abelii (Sumatran Orangutan) is classed as critically endangered under the IUCN red list. In 1994 the estimated number of Sumatran orangutan was 12,000. This number declined further in 2003 where the estimate shown 7,300 and again in 2008, estimating 6,500. We will write a custom essay sample on Sumatran Orangutan or any similar topic only for you Order Now This clearly is a massive reduction in the species population at a loss of 5500 orangutans in a 14 year period. The Sumatran orangutan lives on the island of Sumatra, Indonesia, and is commonly found in the lowland and hilly tropical rainforests. Indonesia’s forests are threatened with legal and illegal logging and deforestation. This is a huge problem, not only to the orangutans but also to other plant and animal life. This is a difficult living situation for the orangutan, which are living in smaller areas which are located at the northern region of the island. With this consisting of lesser forest areas, this offers ease for the poachers and hunters. One of the bigger problems of this human threat to orangutans is the illegal pet trade. The poacher will have to kill the mother of the young they are snatching. This leaves the younger defenseless as they require care to survive. The younger orangutan is seen as a popular pet. This can also result in further decline in numbers as there are more being killed therefore less being unable to breed. The breeding period of the orangutan is much slower than that of any other primate. The smaller number of offspring being produced is not able to meet the rapidly decreasing orangutan population. Over time this will develop into a worse state as the decreasing numbers worsen. I have chosen to prioritize the pongo abelli (Sumatran orangutan). This is because of the current conservation status labeled on this species. The recovery of this species will be slow. Although the threats to the orangutan are similar to that of the other species, they are incapable of producing larger numbers to cope with the much needed larger population in order to exist and are more capable of becoming extinct. How to cite Sumatran Orangutan, Papers

Why was Isolationism such a powerful rallying cry in the 1930s free essay sample

Isolationism is a broad foreign affair doctrine held by people who believe that their country should stay away from others nations’ political and economic affairs in order to be prosperous and to develop safely. To that extent, it, on the one hand, advocates non-military intervention in foreign countries to avoid human and material losses, and on the other hand, stands for Protectionism, to guarantee economic safety. In the United States of America, isolationism has historically proved to be very powerful, particularly in the post-First-World-War-era as â€Å" American of both sexes, of all ages, religions, and political persuasions, from all ethnic groups and all regions, shared in the postwar years a feeling of apathy toward Europe, not to mention the rest of the wretchedly quarrelsome world, that bordered on disgust. †2 Although the 1920s, as well shown by the US’s refusal to join the League of Nations, was defined by a strong isolationism feeling among the American population, the 1930s, characterized by a background of economic depression and rising tensions between western countries, were when it reached its zenith. We will write a custom essay sample on Why was Isolationism such a powerful rallying cry in the 1930s ? or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Thus, on the aftermaths of a harsh and useless war, and in the middle of Depression and misery, isolationism seduced US people mainly because it would provide them with economic security and peace. In addition to that, there are other reasons that would explain why isolationism was such a powerful rallying cry in the 1930s, however minor they may be. One of the main reasons behind the success of isolationism in the 1930s was Americans’ reluctance to engage in a foreign war, which essentially resulted from the bad memories of World War I. Indeed, as Historian David Kennedy says it â€Å" No people came to believe more emphatically than the Americans that the Great War was an unalloyed tragedy, an unpardonably costly mistake never to be repeated†. 3 America had suffered from World War I as more than 50 000 young men were killed in it. Moreover, their pain became much worst on the aftermaths on the war. First, because they reconsidered the horrible and deeply inhuman dimension of it,5 then, because they realised its uselessness. As a matter of fact, the treaty of Versailles of 1919, which mistreated Germany, disappointed US people, as they understood that the warmongering of the Old World had still not been overcome. 6 Also, the difficult rehabilitation of veterans, which did not get their job back when returning to the U. S,7 strengthened the belief that the Great War had been a costly mistake. In the 1930s, which were defined by a background of strong political tensions between western powers, isolationism was very popular among veterans8 who saw it as a way to stay out of potential future armed conflicts, as a guarantee that they would not have to endure the Great War’s terrific experience once again. Also, it seduced the American youth that claimed for â€Å"school, not battleships†,9 especially in the late 1930s with the advent of the First America Committee10, because they did not wish to risk their lives for a foreign war that did not openly threaten their country. Moreover, in a context of strong economic depression, the American public opinion came to believe that the First World War was fought to serve the interest of Wall Street bankers and arm manufacturers, rather than to preserve the free democratic world. 11This idea was claimed by numerous books that came out during this period such as The Merchants of Death (1934),12 and, as dubious as it seems, yet led to the creation of a special Committee, directed by senator Gerald Nye, which role was to confirm the veracity of the charges raised by these writings. Thus, within a catastrophic economic situation that resulted from the misconduct of money powers, this theory fell on receptive ears, and, to that extent, strengthened the isolationism feeling. The 1930s found their selves in a background of increasing tensions between the western powers, in which freshly born totalitarian states such as Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy as well as militarized Japan Empire were seeking to expand their territory by invading other countries. These violent and unjustified aggressions against free countries would entail the intervention of Democratic powers such as the US in order to protect them, but as Americans were deeply shocked by their previous experience of war, they opted for political isolationism. Because they all considered the Great War as a useless and painful experience, which was not led to serve any of their interest but to rescue an old world to which they did not belong, Americans united around isolationism to ensure that it would never happen again. Also, as the Nye committee concluded it after its investigation, the Great War was due to America’s financial dealings with foreign countries. 14 Those who shared this belief, such as senators John Borah and Hamilton Fish Junior, would support a very aggressive isolationism that shall prevent war at all cost, even if this implied to avoid international trades. 15 The Neutrality act of 1935, which imposed a general embargo on trading in arms and war materials with all parties in a war, seems to have resulted from it. The other essential reason why isolationism was so powerful during this period is that American citizens saw it as a mean to secure their economic situation. Indeed, in the early 1930s, when the Great Depression reached its peak, many had came to believe that their nation should withdraw from foreign affairs in order to focus more on its internal problems such as the economic crisis. 16 This implied no more foreign military interventions, immigration, or even international economic alliances. As a matter of fact, Americans were considering that their economy needed to be closed from foreign markets in order to develop. To that extent, protectionist measures, such as the Smooth-Hawley Tariff that closed the U. S market to Japan17, abounded from 1929 trough 1934, protecting American endangered industries against foreign competition. 18 As Democrat President Franklin Roosevelt said so, â€Å"our international trade relations, though vastly important, are in point of time and necessity secondary to the establishment of a sound national economy†19. In that sense, we may think that little American business owners, generally belonging to the middle class, supported isolationism, as it would allow them to keep their business alive. Furthermore, the government’s decision to withdraw from the previous monetary system of Gold Standard in order to devaluate the dollar, which would better support domestic recovery, caused the failure of the London Economic conference of 1933, which aim was to conclude agreements between the western powers to fight global depression at an international level. Thus, even FDR, who was later known as a convinced internationalist, supported isolationism, as he believed that it would help his state’s economy to recover from the Great Depression. This clearly demonstrates that the popularity of isolationism was not only due to the fact that it advocated peace. Moreover, it was a powerful rallying cry because the government and the American people saw it as a mean to overcome the Great Depression. To that extent, this argument could explain why foreign immigration, which included a high number of Jewish people, was considerably restricted during that period. Thus, government and American people, who, by 1938, were at 95% against the raising of immigration as shown by a Fortune survey,21 supported immigration restriction as they thought their economy was too weak to make room for more people. 22 However, this view must be reconsidered, as the 1924 National Origins Act, which governed immigration policy, was a constraint to FDR’s refugee policy. Even though the fear from war and the desire to recover from depression at a national level seem to be the two main reasons that justify the power of isolationism in the 1930s, we can also linked its strength to American culture. Thus, isolationism is a doctrine deeply rooted in the U. S culture, yet under several different kinds. One of them, known as â€Å"American Exceptionalism†, stipulates that â€Å"America is a special place and Americans are special people†24 who, in that sense, have a particular role to play in the world. Thus, the U. S would refer to a â€Å"New world† detached from the imperfect old one, a land of opportunity where freedom and justice could be peacefully achieved without being interfered by the old nations’ actions25. But in order to do so, the U. S must not have any contact with foreign nations, as this isolation would allow them to have a â€Å"healthy† development and therefore to serve as an example of success for others nations from the â€Å"Old World†. 26 In the 1930s, many isolationists seem to use this doctrine, aiming to justify why the U. S should stay away from the Old World’s conflicts and should not be maintaining economic links with them as this could lead to a new Great War. We can see this with Pennsylvania’s liberal Democratic governor George Earle, declaring in 1935: â€Å"Let us turn our eyes inward (†¦) If the world is to become a wilderness of waste, hatred, and bitterness, let us all the more earnestly protect and preserve our own oasis and liberty†. 27Also, isolationist historian Charles Beard’s writings, such as The Open Door at Home, a book that portrays an alternative future in which the U. S, politically and economically disconnected from the world, would be a prosperous country at all levels, reflect well this idea. 28 Moreover, the idea following which a new neutrality policy began to settle in this period is interesting. By 1936, the old American neutrality policy, according to which the U.S should extend their economic relations to other nations as long as they do not build political connections with them, would have been transformed into a new neutrality, which main aim was to avoid war at all costs, even if that implied to cut-off economic relations with other countries. 29 According to all this, we could think that Isolationism became extremely popular in the 1930s, as Americans did not want to repeat the mistake of the Great War, which would never, happened if their nation did not have commercial relations wit h the world. Thus, remembering the old traditions, they decided to stay away from the world at all levels. The protectionist measures, which were settled throughout the 1930s, as well as the Neutrality Acts of 1935, 1936 and 1939, could well illustrate this view. However, the onset of the cash and carry policy in 1937, which Robert Divine describes as â€Å"a compromise that reflected the contradictory desire of the American people to remain economically in the world and politically out of it† highlights the fact that the U.S. still kept foreign economic relations during these years. 30 To a certain extent, some other reasons might explain the popularity of Isolationism throughout the 1930s. Indeed the fact that many popular figures, such as famous aviator Charles Lindbergh, cartoonist Walt Disney, automobile constructor Henry Ford or Alice Roosevelt Longworth, were supporting it, 31 might have attracted some people. Also, it has been proved that some Americans did admire the strength of totalitarian regimes, which did not take long to recover from the Depression,32 and who advocated convictions, such as Anti-Semitism, which some Americans shared. 33 In a background of increasing tensions between democracies and these dictatorships, as shown by the 1938 Munich Agreement, those people were very likely to opt for isolationism as they did not want to confront them. Moreover, it is important to bear in mind that the U.S still remains a multi-cultural society, whose people are from many different communities. This could have laid to a feeling of sympathy from a community towards the country its members came from, and to that extent, these members could become isolationist if the U. S were very likely to wage war against this nation. Thus, as historian Frank Ninkovich said so, Mussolini allowed â€Å"Italian Americans to feel an enhanced pride as Americans in the new status of their ancestral homeland †. 34 Also, by 1940, as Roosevelt was shifting his previous isolationist policy into an internationalist one, his national share of the 1940 presidential vote declined by seven percentage points from 1936. Of the 20 counties in which his share was significantly reduced, 19 were largely German speaking. 35 In that sense, we could suppose that these Americans from a German origin were supporting isolationism, as they did not want to be involved in a war against the nation of their ancestors. The 1930s took place against a backdrop of worldwide instability within which conflicts opposing Democracies and totalitarian regimes were very likely to happen. However, the American people was strongly against the advent of a new large-scaled conflict, as it did not want to repeat the costly mistake of the Great war, and therefore opted for political isolationism. Similarly, as these years also occurred within a background of economic depression, isolationism strengthened because the U.S government and people wanted to focus on their internal economic issues rather than to intervene in international affairs. As the whole American society was, on one hand, seeking to preserve peace at all costs, and on the other hand, willing to overcome depression in a domestic way, Isolationism became a very powerful rallying cry in the 1930s. Nevertheless, as Isolationism is deeply rooted in American culture, we should keep in mind that its incredible success also lies in the fact that Americans were already familiar with it.

Fhe, Inc. Essay Example

Fhe, Inc. Essay Example Fhe, Inc. Essay Fhe, Inc. Essay FHE Inc. is a manufacturer of pumps and related fluid-handling equipment that supplies products used to transfer all types of liquids from paint to food products and pumps to various industries such as automobiles and appliances. FHE Inc. is a multimillion dollar company that is experiencing improved sales and profits over the last five years through aggressive new product introductions. Phil Thomas, VP for Corporate Development and Marketing is in charge of both Marketing and Engineering. FHE chose to do this in order to facilitate cooperation between Marketing and Engineering, particularly with new product introductions. With the marketing and engineering departments so integrated, many times it is difficult to tell which department is in charge of certain responsibilities and who is to blame when problems arise. Problem Statement Lum Donaldson, the Product Development Engineering Manager for FHE, Inc. is convinced that there is a need to improve the procedures, organization, and project control systems to make new product introductions go smoothly. He continually encounters problem in coordinating the technical program managers and the product managers. He is also concerned about the fluctuating workload in the engineering services department. While the Engineering Service and Administration Manager has requested several times for more advanced notice for these new projects the response given was that there are many uncertainties in the project schedules and many requirements are often unknown until the very last minute. : Another issue is that the manufacturing department seems to be excluded during the design stage of new products and suddenly has a product design trusted upon them with little knowledge about the design yet high expectations for their work. Because of these issues, there are many problems that arise during manufacturing and sometimes products must be recalled. Key Considerations 1. What could be done to clarify the organizational relationship among product managers, technical program managers, and manufacturing managers? Revise the current primary tasks performed by each department and set specific goals to ensure that all issues are being pinpointed, addressed and remedied. Management needs to ensure that there is no ambiguity about which department is responsible for each task. Have each department involved during each stage of the new product development. Each department doesn’t need to have the same effort and time during each stage but to have each department involved co ncurrently. Bring the Materials Manager on board to the Design Team so that during the Design Stage, potential manufacturing problems can be addressed and prevented with the help of a member with manufacturing knowledge. This will reduce the number of problems that have risen in past manufacturing stages and product recalls that have occurred. 2. What can be done to better manage the work load of the engineering services department? Create specific schedule for future new product projects and have a regular forecast of engineering services needed for the next year. This will help to stagger the services needed from the engineers and avoid bottleneck situations within the engineering department. FHE should also have the engineering services department participate during the marketing stage where the company needs to evaluate the customers’ needs and translate it into customer specifications using the concurrent process approach in new product development. 3. Evaluate the plans and the expected results from the new CAD-CAM system. Pros of CAD-CAM System: 1) Rapid Prototyping ) new products can be tested using software simulation without making it into a prototype b)New products cycle would be faster using CAD-CAM process 2) Ease of Communication a) Problems and issues can be addressed immediately between departments before specifications are relayed into the engineering department and sent to the manufacturing process 3) Improved Quality Products are accurate based on what was designed by the engineering and sent to the manufacturing depar tment Cons of CAD-CAM System 1) Garbage in – Garbage out If design problems are not addressed initially in the engineering department, problems will be carried on unto the manufacturing department 2) High Investment Costs A single user license of the Autodesk Inventor Software can cost up to $4,999 per license not to include the training costs incurred during the implementation of the new software. 3) Implementation Issues Some of the personnel are technologically challenged and cannot understand the use of the new technology for the new development process Purchase and implement new CAD-CAM system. With the new system, all three departments will be electronically coordinated, communication will become easier and more efficient and errors encountered in the past between engineering and manufacturing will be eliminated. This computerized system will also create a more speedy and efficient new product introduction cycle for FHE and eliminate many of the production problems it had been experiencing. 4. What steps should Donaldson take to improve the new product development process at FHE? Decrease the ambiguity of primary responsibilities delegated to each department by clearly outlining tasks and specific goals, increase the utilization of manufacturing department input by involving the Materials Manager in product design stage, create specific schedule for future projects and engineering services needed in the next year, and implement new CAD-CAM system as a way of coordinating the three departments. Analysis FHE has problems of coordination among product managers, technical program managers, and marketing managers. There is no clearly defined requirements necessary for each phase of project development so that the engineering services department is able to produce results in a more efficient manner. Communication between manufacturing and product design managers needs improvement. Currently the product design department admits that once a product is developed it is typically â€Å"thrown over the wall to manufacturing†, because of this lack of communication. Product quality often suffers and problems arise after products are introduced to the m Conclusion The problems that have risen in these areas are due to lack of clarity in department tasks and responsibilities, the over-integration of two departments (marketing and engineering) and the exclusion of input from the other. FHE must address the inadequacies of their current departmental set up by mapping out clearly defined duties required from each department, the integration of the Materials Manager into the Design team, an updated and more specific schedule drawn up for future services needed from engineering, and lastly the implementation of the new CAM-CAD system.

Niobium (Columbium) Chemical and Physical Properties

Niobium (Columbium) Chemical and Physical Properties Niobium, like tantalum, can act as an electrolytic valve allowing alternating current to pass in only one direction through an electrolytic cell. Niobium is used in arc-welding rods for stabilized  grades of stainless steel. It is also used in advanced airframe  systems. Superconductive magnets are made with Nb-Zr wire, which retains superconductivity in strong magnetic fields. Niobium is used in lamp filaments and to make jewelry. It is capable of being colored by an electrolytic process. Niobium (Columbium)  Basic Facts Atomic Number: 41Symbol: Nb (Cb)Atomic Weight: 92.90638Discovery: Charles Hatchet 1801 (England)Electron Configuration: [Kr] 5s1 4d4 Word Origin:  Greek mythology: Niobe, daughter of Tantalus, as niobium is often associated with tantalum. Formerly known as Columbium, from Columbia, America, the original source of niobium ore. Many metallurgists, metal societies, and commercial producers still use the name Columbium. Isotopes: 18 isotopes of niobium are known. Properties: Platinum-white with a bright metallic luster, although niobium takes on a bluish cast when exposed to air at room temperatures for a long time. Niobium is ductile, malleable, and highly resistant to corrosion. Niobium does not naturally occur in the free state; it is usually found with tantalum. Element Classification: Transition Metal Niobium (Columbium) Physical Data Density (g/cc): 8.57Melting Point (K): 2741Boiling Point (K): 5015Appearance: shiny white, soft, ductile metalAtomic Radius (pm): 146Atomic Volume (cc/mol): 10.8Covalent Radius (pm): 134Ionic Radius: 69 (5e)Specific Heat (20 °C J/g mol): 0.268Fusion Heat (kJ/mol): 26.8Evaporation Heat (kJ/mol): 680Debye Temperature (K): 275.00Pauling Negativity Number: 1.6First Ionizing Energy (kJ/mol): 663.6Oxidation States: 5, 3Lattice Structure: Body-Centered CubicLattice Constant (Ã…): 3.300 Sources Los Alamos National Laboratory (2001)Crescent Chemical Company (2001)Langes Handbook of Chemistry (1952)CRC Handbook of Chemistry Physics (18th Ed.)

Psychological Route to War Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Psychological Route to War - Essay Example The act of war is a decision with the ultimate consequence. With such magnitude that comes with the declaration of war, it becomes imperative to understand the political and historical context that comes with such a decision. "The constitution makes the President Commander in chief of the armed forces but requires that Congress appropriate all money for the military. The president appoints ambassadors, but the Senate must confirm them. The president can sign treaties, but they have no meaning unless the Senate, by a two-thirds vote, ratifies them. Congress must 'declare' war, but the United States has often gone to war without any formal declaration. The reason is simple: America backs its fighting forces, and when they are put in harm's way, Congress pays their bills," (Wilson p.348). With such insurmountable risks at hand, the psychological reasoning behind resorting to a declaration of war to resolve conflict is an imperative idea to assess and analyze. To have one person be given the Godly role of placing people in a perilous situation, the psychology of what leads them there is tantalizing to contemplate. Humans by nature find themselves at one point in their lives being in the position of having to make a decision that has ramifications of monumental proportion. Psychology Today writes that, "War is probably the second most popular activity with the human race," says psychologist Lawrence LeShan, Ph.D., author of the recently published book, The Psychology of War (Helios Press, 2002). "Making love," he concedes, "is the first." In his book, LeShan argues that war's popularity stems from its unique ability to resolve two major psychological needs. It fulfills our sense of independence by assigning it a purpose, and it fulfills our need for community by establishing boundaries between 'us' and 'them,'" Adding that, "We say we love peace, but it doesn't actually excite us," says LeShan. "Even pacifists talk more about the horrors of war than the glories of peace." Battle generates perceptions so attractive that they can shift people from a rational perspective to one of "war mode," the idealized perception of crusading against evil. But as LeShan notes, After it's all over, you might have solved one problem, but you won't have solved all of the m," (Allen p.1). Humans, as a sign of their nature, can find themselves letting their subconscious desires filter into the decision making capabilities of their logical mindset on the outside. It is those unspoken desires which can lead the person into the most dangerous situations, with the direst of conclusions, or lead them into the most amazing of successes. In the end, as it comes down to it, the chips ultimately fall wherever they may and it is up to whomever is at the helm to make the important decisions with only their natural resolve, as well as the conviction of their psyches, to guide them as best as they see fit at the present time. To assess the psychological reasoning behind the act of declaring war, one must